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Charts, graphs and tables

Pythagoras pointing at a simple bar chart on a classroom whiteboard

Chart questions are reading questions with a little arithmetic at the end. Almost every wrong answer comes from skipping the title, the units or the scale. Read those first and the rest is one subtraction or one division.

5 min read · 5 practice questions · 10 flashcards · Free, no account

Read the title, the units and the scale first

Tickets sold (in hundreds)0510152025MonTueWedThu
Thursday’s bar reaches 20, and the title says hundreds: 2,000 tickets.

A chart is a picture of numbers. Before you look at any bar, read the title (what is counted), the units (hundreds? dollars? percent?) and the scale on the axis (how much one gridline is worth). Then read the bar.

Key idea

Answer only from the chart

Questions say “according to the graph.” Use what is shown, not what seems likely. And look at what is asked: one value, a difference, a percent or an average each need a different small calculation.

Next: Learn

How to solve them

  1. 1

    Read the value, then apply the unit

    Find the bar, follow its top across to the scale, and read the number. Then apply the unit in the title. Forgetting “in hundreds” or “in thousands” is the single most common mistake on these questions.

    Example

    Using the chart above: how many tickets were sold on Thursday?

    1. Thursday’s bar reaches 20.
    2. The title says the numbers are in hundreds.
    3. 20 × 100 = 2,000.

    Answer 2,000 tickets

    Next step: Biggest change
  2. 2

    The highest point is not the biggest change

    “Highest” means the biggest value. “Increased the most” means the biggest jump between two neighbours: subtract each pair. On a line graph that is the steepest piece going up, which is often not where the line is highest.

    Gym members0102030405060JanFebMarAprMay
    Highest in May (52), but the biggest increase is February to March: 46 − 34 = 12.
    Next step: Two-way tables
  3. 3

    Two-way tables: find the row, then the column

    A two-way table sorts the same data two ways at once. Put one finger on the row and one on the column; the number where they meet is the answer. For totals, add across a row or down a column.

    Volunteers per shift
    MonTueWed
    Morning14911
    Evening61210
    One cell

    Evening volunteers on Tuesday?

    12

    A column total

    All volunteers on Tuesday?

    9 + 12 = 21

    Compare rows

    Which shift had more over three days?

    Morning: 34 against 28

    Next step: Percent of total
  4. 4

    What percent of the total? Part ÷ whole

    Add every value to get the whole, then divide the part by it. Make sure the whole is everything the question talks about, not just the other bars.

    Example

    From the ticket chart: what percent of the four days’ tickets were sold on Tuesday?

    1. Whole: 10 + 15 + 15 + 20 = 60 hundred.
    2. Part: Tuesday, 15 hundred.
    3. 15 ÷ 60 = 0.25 = 25%.

    Answer 25%

    Next step: More, average, increase
  5. 5

    Difference, average and increase questions

    Read every value you need first and write them down. Then do one calculation, and apply the unit at the end.

    How many more

    Thursday than Monday?

    20 − 10 = 10 hundred = 1,000

    Average per day

    Over the four days?

    60 ÷ 4 = 15 hundred = 1,500

    Percent increase

    From Monday to Thursday?

    (20 − 10) ÷ 10 = 100%

    Next step: Question types
  6. 6

    Match the question to the calculation

    There are only a few kinds of chart question. Recognise the kind and you know the calculation before you start.

    “How many…?”readone value, then the unit
    “How many more / less…?”−subtract two values
    “What percent of…?”÷part ÷ whole
    “Increased the most”−biggest jump between neighbours
    “On average”+ then ÷sum ÷ count
Next: Watch out

4 traps in the answer choices

The test writes its wrong answers on purpose: each one is what you get if you make one of these mistakes.

Trap

Ignoring the unit in the title

A bar reaches 8 and the title says “in thousands of dollars”:

Wrong$8

Right$8,000

Trap

Highest instead of biggest change

Values of 40, 70 and 80 in three months. Biggest increase?

Wrongthe third month: 80 is highest

Rightthe second month: +30 against +10

Trap

The wrong row or column

Volunteers table: Evening row, Tuesday column.

Wrong9 (that is Morning)

Right12

Trap

Percent of the wrong whole

Tuesday’s share of the four days (15 of 60):

Wrong15 ÷ 45 ≈ 33%

Right15 ÷ 60 = 25%

Next: Practice

5 questions at test level

Pick an answer, then read why. No timer, no account.

Question 1 of 5

A bar graph titled “Books sold (in hundreds)” shows June 14, July 22 and August 18. How many books were sold in July?

Show the answer

D. July’s bar reads 22, and the title says hundreds: 22 × 100 = 2,200. 22 forgets the unit and 1,800 is August. They sold 2,200 books.

Question 2 of 5

A store counted visitors for four weeks: 120, 150, 210 and 230. By how many visitors did the count rise in the week with the biggest increase?

Show the answer

C. The increases are 150 − 120 = 30, 210 − 150 = 60 and 230 − 210 = 20. The biggest is 60, from week 2 to week 3. 230 is the highest count, not the biggest rise. It rose by 60.

Question 3 of 5

A table of club members shows: under 30 — 18 men and 24 women; 30 and over — 26 men and 12 women. How many women are in the club?

Show the answer

B. Add down the women’s column: 24 + 12 = 36. 42 adds across the under-30 row, and 80 is the whole club. There are 36 women.

Question 4 of 5

In a survey of 80 students, 28 chose basketball as their favorite sport. What percent chose basketball?

Show the answer

A. Part ÷ whole: 28 ÷ 80 = 0.35 = 35%. 65% is the students who did not choose basketball. The answer is 35%.

Question 5 of 5

A line graph shows a car’s value: $24,000 in 2021, $21,000 in 2022, $19,500 in 2023 and $18,000 in 2024. What was the average drop per year from 2021 to 2024?

Show the answer

B. The total drop is 24,000 − 18,000 = 6,000 over three years (2021 to 2022, to 2023, to 2024), and 6,000 ÷ 3 = 2,000. $1,500 divides by 4, counting the years instead of the gaps. The average drop is $2,000.

Next: Flashcards

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10 cards
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